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Phthalocyanine is an aromatic, intensely blue-green heterocyclic compound. Its structure is similar to that of porphine (the framework of molecules such as chlorophyll) with four fused benzene rings. It forms dye complexes with most metals in the periodic table, notably copper. A. Braun and J. Tcherniac reported the free molecule in 1907, but didn’t establish its structure. The copper form was made accidentally in 1927 when researchers were trying to make phthalonitrile.

Phthalocyanine dyes have been widely used for decades. But the molecule’s electronic properties make it potentially useful in the hi-tech world. Japanese researchers are devising ways to slow the tautomerization rate of phthalocyanine so that the molecule can exist in two electronically distinct states, corresponding to the binary system that has been the basis of computer technology. This development would give rise to “molecular memoryâ€� that could eventually be used in extremely fast computers. Phthalocyanine is also very compact: It may be able to store â‰�13 terabytes of data on a 1-cm²Ìý³¦³ó¾±±è.