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Sceptrin, an alkaloid isolated from marine sponges such as Agelas conifer, has an unusual structure with a core cyclobutane ring. In 2008, A. D. Rodríguez (University of Puerto Rico, San Juan), M. J. Lear (National University of Singapore), and J. J. La Clair (Xenobe Research Institute, San Diego) showed that , an actin-like protein derived from Escherichia coli. This work was performed before sceptrin’s structure was known; the same researchers later established the structure.

Two years later, K. Vuori and colleagues at the Burnham Institute for Medical Research and the Scripps Research Institute (both in La Jolla, CA) reported that . It is not toxic to mice at concentrations twice those required for maximal inhibition.

In an interesting twist, C. Chen (University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas), P. S. Baran (Scripps Research Institute), and A. L. Rheingold (University of California, San Diego) found in 2014 that sceptrin and two related sponge alkaloids . One analogue, ageliferin, matches sceptrin’s chirality, whereas another alkaloid, massadine, has different absolute stereochemistry. It’s not clear why the parent sponge has varying biosynthesis sequences.

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