FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
ACS News Service Weekly PressPac: February 16, 2022
A potentially longer-lasting cholera vaccine
ACS Infectious Diseases
Cholera, a diarrheal disease caused by the highly transmissible bacteria聽Vibrio cholerae, kills tens of thousands of people each year worldwide. Current vaccines last only 2鈥�5 years, and they don鈥檛 work very well in young children. Now, researchers reporting in聽ACS Infectious Diseases聽have developed a new type of cholera vaccine consisting of polysaccharides displayed on virus-like particles. The vaccine generated long-lasting antibody responses against聽V. cholerae聽in mice.
Current cholera vaccines contain killed or weakened聽V. cholerae聽bacteria and are administered orally. They offer the lowest level and duration of protection in young children, who are commonly affected by cholera in endemic countries. The immune system produces antibodies against the O-specific polysaccharide (OSP) on the surface of聽V. cholerae, but this polysaccharide in isolation does not generate a strong, long-lasting immune response. Peng Xu, Edward Ryan, Xuefei Huang and colleagues wondered if attaching OSP to virus-like particles could induce stronger, longer-lasting immunity.
So the researchers developed a method to efficiently link multiple copies of OSP to Q尾, a virus-like particle that infects bacteria. The modified virus-like particles were recognized by antibodies in blood taken from recovering cholera patients, but not from patients with typhoid, another bacterial disease. Next, the team immunized mice with Q尾-OSP, observing that three doses caused a strong antibody response that persisted at least 265 days after the first dose. The immunized mice had antibodies that recognized the OSP from the natural lipopolysaccharide of聽V. cholerae.聽When the researchers mixed serum antibodies from the mice with other immune system proteins that kill bacteria and with live聽V. cholerae, antibodies from two of the five mice triggered more bacterial death than those from mice immunized with Q尾 alone. The virus-like particle could mimic natural bacteria by presenting multiple copies of OSP on its surface, the researchers say, and it warrants further evaluation as a next-generation cholera vaccine.
The authors acknowledge funding from the National Institutes of Health, the Fogarty International Center and Michigan State University. Xuefei Huang is the founder of Iaso Therapeutics Inc.
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