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Acid � a substance, such as vinegar, that has a pH of less than 7.

Antibiotic � a medicine that fights and kills bacteria to help you feel better. Antibiotics cure bacterial infections, but not other kinds of diseases. 

Antibiotic resistance � when bacteria can no longer be killed by a certain antibiotic.

Antibodies � proteins made by your body’s immune system that latch onto germs and keep them from making you sick.

Bacterium � a single-celled organism. There are bad bacteria that cause diseases, but also good bacteria that help you digest food.

Base � a substance, such as milk of magnesia, with a pH greater than 7.

Chemical reaction � the process where atoms are rearranged between two or more substances to result in different substances.

Enzyme � usually a protein that living things make to stay healthy. Enzymes speed up reactions in the body. 

Germs and pathogens � any disease-causing microorganisms that attack living beings (examples are viruses and bad bacteria).

Infection � a disease caused by germs.

Immunity � the ability of your body to resist diseases, infections, cuts, germs, etc.

Microorganisms � tiny living things made of just one cell, or a colony of cells. These little creatures live on, in, and all around us! 

Probiotics � a good kind of bacteria that lives in certain foods, which people and animals eat for good “gut health.�

pH indicator � a chemical that changes color to show whether a substance is an acid or base.

Vaccine � an injection, pill, or spray that teaches our body to recognize and fight off infectious germs.