Bongkrekic (or bongkrek) acid, produced in fermented coconut by a pathovar of the bacterium聽Burkholderia gladioli, is a more potent respiratory toxin than cyanide. Its first total synthesis was reported by聽聽in 1984, and M. Shindo and co-workers described improved syntheses in 2004 and 2009. Most recently,聽聽used three stereospecific palladium cross-coupling reactions to accomplish an even better synthesis.
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